QuestionJune 3, 2025

4. What is the difference between an adaptation and a mutation? 5. Where in DNA do mutations occur? 6. What are the four nitrogenous bases? 7. What did Darwin notice about the tortoises he saw in the Galapagos Islands? 8. Explain why ribosomes are important to protein synthesis. 9. What is a codon? 10. Explain how the Geologic Time Scale is used.

4. What is the difference between an adaptation and a mutation? 5. Where in DNA do mutations occur? 6. What are the four nitrogenous bases? 7. What did Darwin notice about the tortoises he saw in the Galapagos Islands? 8. Explain why ribosomes are important to protein synthesis. 9. What is a codon? 10. Explain how the Geologic Time Scale is used.
4. What is the difference between an adaptation and a mutation? 5. Where in DNA do mutations occur? 6. What are the four nitrogenous bases? 7. What did Darwin notice about the tortoises he saw in the Galapagos Islands? 8. Explain why ribosomes are important to protein synthesis. 9. What is a codon? 10. Explain how the Geologic Time Scale is used.

Solution
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Answer

1. Adaptation is a beneficial trait; mutation is a DNA change. 2. Mutations occur throughout DNA. 3. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine. 4. Tortoise shell variations indicated adaptation. 5. Ribosomes synthesize proteins from mRNA. 6. Codon: three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA. 7. Geologic Time Scale categorizes Earth's history. Explanation 1. Define adaptation and mutation Adaptation is a trait that increases an organism's fitness, developed over generations. Mutation is a change in DNA sequence, potentially leading to new traits. 2. Identify where mutations occur in DNA Mutations can occur anywhere in the DNA, including coding regions (genes) and non-coding regions. 3. List the four nitrogenous bases The four nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). 4. Describe Darwin's observation of Galapagos tortoises Darwin noticed variations in tortoise shell shapes across different islands, suggesting adaptation to local environments. 5. Explain ribosomes' role in protein synthesis Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid sequences, forming proteins essential for cellular functions. 6. Define a codon A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. 7. Explain the use of the Geologic Time Scale The Geologic Time Scale organizes Earth's history into chronological intervals based on geological and paleontological evidence.

Explanation

1. Define adaptation and mutation<br /> Adaptation is a trait that increases an organism's fitness, developed over generations. Mutation is a change in DNA sequence, potentially leading to new traits.<br /><br />2. Identify where mutations occur in DNA<br /> Mutations can occur anywhere in the DNA, including coding regions (genes) and non-coding regions.<br /><br />3. List the four nitrogenous bases<br /> The four nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).<br /><br />4. Describe Darwin's observation of Galapagos tortoises<br /> Darwin noticed variations in tortoise shell shapes across different islands, suggesting adaptation to local environments.<br /><br />5. Explain ribosomes' role in protein synthesis<br /> Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid sequences, forming proteins essential for cellular functions.<br /><br />6. Define a codon<br /> A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.<br /><br />7. Explain the use of the Geologic Time Scale<br /> The Geologic Time Scale organizes Earth's history into chronological intervals based on geological and paleontological evidence.
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