QuestionJune 2, 2025

Which of the following are structural virulence factors? Select all that apply. Exotoxin Capsule Mycolic acid D Endospore Adhesins Exoenzymes Pili

Which of the following are structural virulence factors? Select all that apply. Exotoxin Capsule Mycolic acid D Endospore Adhesins Exoenzymes Pili
Which of the following are structural virulence factors? Select all that apply.
Exotoxin
Capsule
Mycolic acid
D Endospore
Adhesins
Exoenzymes
Pili

Solution
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Answer

Capsule, Mycolic acid, Endospore, Adhesins, Pili Explanation 1. Identify structural virulence factors Structural virulence factors are components of a pathogen's physical structure that contribute to its ability to cause disease. These include features like capsules, pili, and adhesins. 2. Evaluate each option - **Capsule**: A structural component that helps bacteria evade the host immune system. - **Mycolic acid**: Part of the cell wall in certain bacteria, contributing to resistance against chemical damage. - **Endospore**: A resistant structure formed by some bacteria for survival in harsh conditions. - **Adhesins**: Molecules on the surface of pathogens that facilitate attachment to host cells. - **Pili**: Hair-like structures that aid in attachment and sometimes motility.

Explanation

1. Identify structural virulence factors<br /> Structural virulence factors are components of a pathogen's physical structure that contribute to its ability to cause disease. These include features like capsules, pili, and adhesins.<br /><br />2. Evaluate each option<br /> - **Capsule**: A structural component that helps bacteria evade the host immune system.<br /> - **Mycolic acid**: Part of the cell wall in certain bacteria, contributing to resistance against chemical damage.<br /> - **Endospore**: A resistant structure formed by some bacteria for survival in harsh conditions.<br /> - **Adhesins**: Molecules on the surface of pathogens that facilitate attachment to host cells.<br /> - **Pili**: Hair-like structures that aid in attachment and sometimes motility.
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