QuestionJuly 16, 2025

Which factors can cause turbulent flow? The diameter of a pipe is increased. The flow rate is reduced. The temperature to which the fluid is exposed decreases.

Which factors can cause turbulent flow? The diameter of a pipe is increased. The flow rate is reduced. The temperature to which the fluid is exposed decreases.
Which factors can cause turbulent flow?
The diameter of a pipe is increased.
The flow rate is reduced.
The temperature to which the fluid is exposed decreases.

Solution
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Answer

None of these factors cause turbulent flow. Explanation 1. Understand Turbulent Flow Turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds number (Re) exceeds a critical value, typically around 4000 for pipe flow. 2. Analyze Diameter Increase Increasing the diameter decreases velocity for a constant flow rate, reducing Re. This does not cause turbulence. 3. Analyze Reduced Flow Rate Reducing flow rate decreases velocity, thus decreasing Re. This does not cause turbulence. 4. Analyze Temperature Decrease Decreasing temperature can increase fluid viscosity. Higher viscosity reduces Re, which does not cause turbulence.

Explanation

1. Understand Turbulent Flow<br /> Turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds number ($Re$) exceeds a critical value, typically around 4000 for pipe flow.<br /><br />2. Analyze Diameter Increase<br /> Increasing the diameter decreases velocity for a constant flow rate, reducing $Re$. This does not cause turbulence.<br /><br />3. Analyze Reduced Flow Rate<br /> Reducing flow rate decreases velocity, thus decreasing $Re$. This does not cause turbulence.<br /><br />4. Analyze Temperature Decrease<br /> Decreasing temperature can increase fluid viscosity. Higher viscosity reduces $Re$, which does not cause turbulence.
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