QuestionAugust 4, 2025

List and describe 4 components of innate or nonspecific immunity.

List and describe 4 components of innate or nonspecific immunity.
List and describe 4 components of innate or nonspecific immunity.

Solution
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Answer

1. Physical Barriers: Skin and mucous membranes prevent pathogen entry. ### 2. Phagocytic Cells: Macrophages and neutrophils engulf and digest pathogens. ### 3. Natural Killer Cells: Destroy infected or cancerous cells by inducing apoptosis. ### 4. Complement System: Proteins that enhance immune response and attack pathogens. Explanation 1. Identify the components of innate immunity Innate immunity consists of various components that provide immediate defense against infection. These include physical barriers, phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, and the complement system. 2. Describe each component Each component plays a unique role in the immune response: 1. **Physical Barriers**: The skin and mucous membranes act as the first line of defense by preventing pathogens from entering the body. 2. **Phagocytic Cells**: Cells such as macrophages and neutrophils engulf and digest pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. 3. **Natural Killer (NK) Cells**: These cells can recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death). 4. **Complement System**: A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane.

Explanation

1. Identify the components of innate immunity<br /> Innate immunity consists of various components that provide immediate defense against infection. These include physical barriers, phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, and the complement system.<br /><br />2. Describe each component<br /> Each component plays a unique role in the immune response:<br /><br />1. **Physical Barriers**: The skin and mucous membranes act as the first line of defense by preventing pathogens from entering the body.<br /> <br />2. **Phagocytic Cells**: Cells such as macrophages and neutrophils engulf and digest pathogens through a process called phagocytosis.<br /><br />3. **Natural Killer (NK) Cells**: These cells can recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death).<br /><br />4. **Complement System**: A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane.
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