QuestionApril 27, 2025

Calculate the percent ionic character for the gaseous sodium chloride, NaCl, molecule. The measured dipole moment, mu _(measured) for sodium chloride is 9.00 D and the Na-Cl bond length is 236 pm. 1D=3.34times 10^-30Ccdot m 79.6% 126% 11.3% 0.796%

Calculate the percent ionic character for the gaseous sodium chloride, NaCl, molecule. The measured dipole moment, mu _(measured) for sodium chloride is 9.00 D and the Na-Cl bond length is 236 pm. 1D=3.34times 10^-30Ccdot m 79.6% 126% 11.3% 0.796%
Calculate the percent ionic character for the gaseous sodium chloride, NaCl, molecule. The measured dipole moment, mu _(measured) for sodium chloride is 9.00 D and the Na-Cl bond length is 236 pm. 1D=3.34times 10^-30Ccdot m 79.6% 126% 11.3% 0.796%

Solution
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Answer

79.6\% Explanation 1. Calculate the theoretical dipole moment Use \mu_{theoretical} = q \cdot d, where q is the charge of an electron (1.6 \times 10^{-19} C) and d is the bond length in meters (236 \text{ pm} = 236 \times 10^{-12} \text{ m}). \mu_{theoretical} = (1.6 \times 10^{-19} C) \cdot (236 \times 10^{-12} \text{ m}) = 3.776 \times 10^{-29} C\cdot m 2. Convert theoretical dipole moment to Debye Convert using 1D=3.34\times 10^{-30}C\cdot m. \mu_{theoretical} = \frac{3.776 \times 10^{-29} C\cdot m}{3.34\times 10^{-30}C\cdot m} = 11.3 D 3. Calculate percent ionic character Use \text{Percent Ionic Character} = \left(\frac{\mu_{measured}}{\mu_{theoretical}}\right) \times 100\% \text{Percent Ionic Character} = \left(\frac{9.00 D}{11.3 D}\right) \times 100\% = 79.6\%

Explanation

1. Calculate the theoretical dipole moment<br /> Use $\mu_{theoretical} = q \cdot d$, where $q$ is the charge of an electron ($1.6 \times 10^{-19} C$) and $d$ is the bond length in meters ($236 \text{ pm} = 236 \times 10^{-12} \text{ m}$). <br /> $\mu_{theoretical} = (1.6 \times 10^{-19} C) \cdot (236 \times 10^{-12} \text{ m}) = 3.776 \times 10^{-29} C\cdot m$<br /><br />2. Convert theoretical dipole moment to Debye<br /> Convert using $1D=3.34\times 10^{-30}C\cdot m$. <br /> $\mu_{theoretical} = \frac{3.776 \times 10^{-29} C\cdot m}{3.34\times 10^{-30}C\cdot m} = 11.3 D$<br /><br />3. Calculate percent ionic character<br /> Use $\text{Percent Ionic Character} = \left(\frac{\mu_{measured}}{\mu_{theoretical}}\right) \times 100\%$<br /> $\text{Percent Ionic Character} = \left(\frac{9.00 D}{11.3 D}\right) \times 100\% = 79.6\%$
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