QuestionJune 2, 2025

2. SEP Compare Data Which is likely to have more damaging health effects: a whole-body CT scan or an eight-day mission in a space shuttle above Earth? Explain your answer.How do these events compare with the US average annual radiation dose? 3. SEP Explain Phenomena Why do you think a six -month trip to Mars and 18 months living on Mars have the same equivalent doses? 4. Predict Calculate the equivalent dose after 36 months on Mars and the equivalent dose after 12 months on the International Space Station. Which dose is larger?

2. SEP Compare Data Which is likely to have more damaging health effects: a whole-body CT scan or an eight-day mission in a space shuttle above Earth? Explain your answer.How do these events compare with the US average annual radiation dose? 3. SEP Explain Phenomena Why do you think a six -month trip to Mars and 18 months living on Mars have the same equivalent doses? 4. Predict Calculate the equivalent dose after 36 months on Mars and the equivalent dose after 12 months on the International Space Station. Which dose is larger?
2. SEP Compare Data Which is likely to have more damaging health effects: a whole-body CT scan or an eight-day mission in a space shuttle above Earth? Explain your answer.How do these events compare with the US average annual radiation dose? 3. SEP Explain Phenomena Why do you think a six -month trip to Mars and 18 months living on Mars have the same equivalent doses? 4. Predict Calculate the equivalent dose after 36 months on Mars and the equivalent dose after 12 months on the International Space Station. Which dose is larger?

Solution
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Answer

The whole-body CT scan likely has more damaging health effects due to its concentrated dose. The equivalent dose after 36 months on Mars is larger than after 12 months on the ISS. Explanation 1. Compare Radiation Exposure A whole-body CT scan typically exposes a person to about 10 mSv of radiation. An eight-day mission in a space shuttle exposes astronauts to approximately 5-10 mSv, depending on solar activity. Both are similar, but the CT scan is more concentrated in time. 2. Compare with US Average Annual Dose The average annual radiation dose for a person in the US is about 6.2 mSv. Both the CT scan and space shuttle mission exceed this average, with the CT scan being slightly higher. 3. Explain Mars Trip and Living Equivalent Doses A six-month trip to Mars and 18 months living on Mars have similar equivalent doses due to the constant exposure to cosmic rays and solar radiation, which are significant outside Earth's protective atmosphere. 4. Calculate Equivalent Dose on Mars Assuming a constant rate, if 18 months on Mars equals a certain dose, then 36 months would double that dose. If 18 months is X mSv, then 36 months is 2X mSv. 5. Calculate Equivalent Dose on ISS The ISS exposes astronauts to about 80-160 mSv per year. For 12 months, this would be approximately 80-160 mSv. 6. Compare Doses Compare the calculated doses from Mars and the ISS to determine which is larger.

Explanation

1. Compare Radiation Exposure<br /> A whole-body CT scan typically exposes a person to about 10 mSv of radiation. An eight-day mission in a space shuttle exposes astronauts to approximately 5-10 mSv, depending on solar activity. Both are similar, but the CT scan is more concentrated in time.<br /><br />2. Compare with US Average Annual Dose<br /> The average annual radiation dose for a person in the US is about 6.2 mSv. Both the CT scan and space shuttle mission exceed this average, with the CT scan being slightly higher.<br /><br />3. Explain Mars Trip and Living Equivalent Doses<br /> A six-month trip to Mars and 18 months living on Mars have similar equivalent doses due to the constant exposure to cosmic rays and solar radiation, which are significant outside Earth's protective atmosphere.<br /><br />4. Calculate Equivalent Dose on Mars<br /> Assuming a constant rate, if 18 months on Mars equals a certain dose, then 36 months would double that dose. If 18 months is X mSv, then 36 months is 2X mSv.<br /><br />5. Calculate Equivalent Dose on ISS<br /> The ISS exposes astronauts to about 80-160 mSv per year. For 12 months, this would be approximately 80-160 mSv.<br /><br />6. Compare Doses<br /> Compare the calculated doses from Mars and the ISS to determine which is larger.
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