QuestionMay 28, 2025

11. How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply when vinegar and baking soda react in a closed system? 12. What products are formed in the reaction Cu+AgNO_(3)arrow Ag+Cu(NO_(3))_(2) 13. What does a combustion reaction in a vehicle typically produce? 14. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects when the distance between them is cut in half? 15. What two things affect how objects respond to a charged balloon in static electricity experiments?

11. How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply when vinegar and baking soda react in a closed system? 12. What products are formed in the reaction Cu+AgNO_(3)arrow Ag+Cu(NO_(3))_(2) 13. What does a combustion reaction in a vehicle typically produce? 14. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects when the distance between them is cut in half? 15. What two things affect how objects respond to a charged balloon in static electricity experiments?
11. How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply when vinegar and baking soda react in a closed system? 12. What products are formed in the reaction Cu+AgNO_(3)arrow Ag+Cu(NO_(3))_(2) 13. What does a combustion reaction in a vehicle typically produce? 14. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects when the distance between them is cut in half? 15. What two things affect how objects respond to a charged balloon in static electricity experiments?

Solution
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Answer

11. Mass remains constant; reactants' mass equals products' mass. ### 12. Silver (Ag) and copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO_{3})_{2}). ### 13. Carbon dioxide (CO_2), water (H_2O), and energy. ### 14. Gravitational force increases by a factor of four. ### 15. Charge of the balloon and material properties of objects. Explanation 1. Law of Conservation of Mass in a Closed System In a closed system, the mass remains constant before and after the reaction. For vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products. 2. Products of Reaction Cu + AgNO_{3} Copper reacts with silver nitrate to form silver and copper(II) nitrate: Cu + 2AgNO_{3} \rightarrow 2Ag + Cu(NO_{3})_{2}. 3. Combustion Reaction Products in Vehicles Combustion in vehicles typically produces carbon dioxide (CO_2), water (H_2O), and energy. Incomplete combustion may also produce carbon monoxide (CO). 4. Gravitational Force and Distance **Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation** states that gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects: F \propto \frac{1}{r^2}. Halving the distance increases the force by a factor of four. 5. Factors Affecting Response to Charged Balloon The response depends on the charge of the balloon and the material properties of the objects, such as conductivity and polarity.

Explanation

1. Law of Conservation of Mass in a Closed System<br /> In a closed system, the mass remains constant before and after the reaction. For vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.<br /><br />2. Products of Reaction $Cu + AgNO_{3}$<br /> Copper reacts with silver nitrate to form silver and copper(II) nitrate: $Cu + 2AgNO_{3} \rightarrow 2Ag + Cu(NO_{3})_{2}$.<br /><br />3. Combustion Reaction Products in Vehicles<br /> Combustion in vehicles typically produces carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), water ($H_2O$), and energy. Incomplete combustion may also produce carbon monoxide ($CO$).<br /><br />4. Gravitational Force and Distance<br /> **Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation** states that gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects: $F \propto \frac{1}{r^2}$. Halving the distance increases the force by a factor of four.<br /><br />5. Factors Affecting Response to Charged Balloon<br /> The response depends on the charge of the balloon and the material properties of the objects, such as conductivity and polarity.
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