QuestionFebruary 2, 2026

Critical Thinking Questions (Yes, we did some of this 1^st semestern 10. What type of force exists between two F_(2) molecules-dispersion,, dipolar,or hydrogen bonds? 11. What type of force exists between two Cl_(2) molecules-dispersion,dipolar,or hydrogen bonds? 12. Recall the trend in sizes as one proceeds down a column of the periodic table. Do atoms get larger or smaller? Rank the sizes of fluorine, chlorine bromine, and iodine in order from smallest to largest. Smallest 1. __ __ .3. __ 4. __ Largest 13. The forces between chlorine molecules cause them to be a gas at room temperature. The forces between bromine molecules cause them to be liquid at room temperature. a. Do chlorine or do bromine molecules have stronger forces of attraction between them? Why? __ b. True or False:If two different kinds of molecules have dispersion forces, then the dispersion forces are equal in strength. __ 14. Considering your answers to questions 2 and 3, complete the following: The larger the molecules are,the __ the intermolecular forces are between them. 15. The states of the substances are given in the table above . Which kind of substance have the strongest intermolecular forces: solids, liquids, or gases? __ 16. In general,are lighter molecules more likely to be gases or solids? __ 17. Propane's formula is C_(3)H_(8) and octane's formula is C_(8)H_(18) Propane is a gas at room temperature, but octane is a liquid. a. Which molecule has the strongest intermolecutar forces: propane or octane? b. Would you expect C_(2)H_(6) to be a solid,liquid or a gas at room temperature? 18. Consider two substances-one that has dipolar intermolecular forces and one that has London dispersion forces. a. Which has the strongest intermolecular forces? b. Which is most likely to be a gas at room temperature?

Critical Thinking Questions (Yes, we did some of this 1^st semestern 10. What type of force exists between two F_(2) molecules-dispersion,, dipolar,or hydrogen bonds? 11. What type of force exists between two Cl_(2) molecules-dispersion,dipolar,or hydrogen bonds? 12. Recall the trend in sizes as one proceeds down a column of the periodic table. Do atoms get larger or smaller? Rank the sizes of fluorine, chlorine bromine, and iodine in order from smallest to largest. Smallest 1. __ __ .3. __ 4. __ Largest 13. The forces between chlorine molecules cause them to be a gas at room temperature. The forces between bromine molecules cause them to be liquid at room temperature. a. Do chlorine or do bromine molecules have stronger forces of attraction between them? Why? __ b. True or False:If two different kinds of molecules have dispersion forces, then the dispersion forces are equal in strength. __ 14. Considering your answers to questions 2 and 3, complete the following: The larger the molecules are,the __ the intermolecular forces are between them. 15. The states of the substances are given in the table above . Which kind of substance have the strongest intermolecular forces: solids, liquids, or gases? __ 16. In general,are lighter molecules more likely to be gases or solids? __ 17. Propane's formula is C_(3)H_(8) and octane's formula is C_(8)H_(18) Propane is a gas at room temperature, but octane is a liquid. a. Which molecule has the strongest intermolecutar forces: propane or octane? b. Would you expect C_(2)H_(6) to be a solid,liquid or a gas at room temperature? 18. Consider two substances-one that has dipolar intermolecular forces and one that has London dispersion forces. a. Which has the strongest intermolecular forces? b. Which is most likely to be a gas at room temperature?
Critical Thinking Questions (Yes, we did some of this 1^st semestern 10. What type of force exists between two F_(2) molecules-dispersion,, dipolar,or hydrogen bonds? 11. What type of force exists between two Cl_(2) molecules-dispersion,dipolar,or hydrogen bonds? 12. Recall the trend in sizes as one proceeds down a column of the periodic table. Do atoms get larger or smaller? Rank the sizes of fluorine, chlorine bromine, and iodine in order from smallest to largest. Smallest 1. __ __ .3. __ 4. __ Largest 13. The forces between chlorine molecules cause them to be a gas at room temperature. The forces between bromine molecules cause them to be liquid at room temperature. a. Do chlorine or do bromine molecules have stronger forces of attraction between them? Why? __ b. True or False:If two different kinds of molecules have dispersion forces, then the dispersion forces are equal in strength. __ 14. Considering your answers to questions 2 and 3, complete the following: The larger the molecules are,the __ the intermolecular forces are between them. 15. The states of the substances are given in the table above . Which kind of substance have the strongest intermolecular forces: solids, liquids, or gases? __ 16. In general,are lighter molecules more likely to be gases or solids? __ 17. Propane's formula is C_(3)H_(8) and octane's formula is C_(8)H_(18) Propane is a gas at room temperature, but octane is a liquid. a. Which molecule has the strongest intermolecutar forces: propane or octane? b. Would you expect C_(2)H_(6) to be a solid,liquid or a gas at room temperature? 18. Consider two substances-one that has dipolar intermolecular forces and one that has London dispersion forces. a. Which has the strongest intermolecular forces? b. Which is most likely to be a gas at room temperature?

Solution
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Answer

10. Dispersion forces ### 11. Dispersion forces ### 12. Smallest: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine: Largest ### 13a. Bromine molecules have stronger forces ### 13b. False ### 14. Stronger ### 15. Solids ### 16. Gases ### 17a. Octane ### 17b. Gas ### 18a. Dipolar forces ### 18b. London dispersion forces Explanation 1. Identify the type of force between F_2 molecules F_2 molecules are nonpolar, so they exhibit **dispersion forces**. 2. Identify the type of force between Cl_2 molecules Cl_2 molecules are nonpolar, so they exhibit **dispersion forces**. 3. Determine the trend in atomic sizes down a group Atoms get larger as you move down a column in the periodic table. The order from smallest to largest is: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine. 4. Compare forces between chlorine and bromine molecules Bromine molecules have stronger forces of attraction because they are liquid at room temperature, indicating stronger intermolecular forces than chlorine, which is a gas. 5. Evaluate the statement about dispersion forces False: Dispersion forces increase with the size and mass of the molecules. 6. Relate molecule size to intermolecular forces The larger the molecules are, the **stronger** the intermolecular forces are between them. 7. Determine which state has the strongest intermolecular forces Solids have the strongest intermolecular forces. 8. Determine the state of lighter molecules Lighter molecules are more likely to be gases. 9. Compare intermolecular forces in propane and octane Octane has stronger intermolecular forces because it is a liquid at room temperature, while propane is a gas. 10. Predict the state of C_2H_6 at room temperature C_2H_6 (ethane) is expected to be a gas at room temperature. 11. Compare dipolar and London dispersion forces Dipolar intermolecular forces are stronger than London dispersion forces. Substances with London dispersion forces are more likely to be gases at room temperature.

Explanation

1. Identify the type of force between $F_2$ molecules<br /> $F_2$ molecules are nonpolar, so they exhibit **dispersion forces**.<br /><br />2. Identify the type of force between $Cl_2$ molecules<br /> $Cl_2$ molecules are nonpolar, so they exhibit **dispersion forces**.<br /><br />3. Determine the trend in atomic sizes down a group<br /> Atoms get larger as you move down a column in the periodic table. The order from smallest to largest is: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.<br /><br />4. Compare forces between chlorine and bromine molecules<br /> Bromine molecules have stronger forces of attraction because they are liquid at room temperature, indicating stronger intermolecular forces than chlorine, which is a gas.<br /><br />5. Evaluate the statement about dispersion forces<br /> False: Dispersion forces increase with the size and mass of the molecules.<br /><br />6. Relate molecule size to intermolecular forces<br /> The larger the molecules are, the **stronger** the intermolecular forces are between them.<br /><br />7. Determine which state has the strongest intermolecular forces<br /> Solids have the strongest intermolecular forces.<br /><br />8. Determine the state of lighter molecules<br /> Lighter molecules are more likely to be gases.<br /><br />9. Compare intermolecular forces in propane and octane<br /> Octane has stronger intermolecular forces because it is a liquid at room temperature, while propane is a gas.<br /><br />10. Predict the state of $C_2H_6$ at room temperature<br /> $C_2H_6$ (ethane) is expected to be a gas at room temperature.<br /><br />11. Compare dipolar and London dispersion forces<br /> Dipolar intermolecular forces are stronger than London dispersion forces. Substances with London dispersion forces are more likely to be gases at room temperature.
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